GBM occurs most often in adults between the ages of 50 and 80, is more common in men, and accounts for 23% of all primary brain tumors. The most common variant of GBM showing these additional tissue elements is called a mixed glioblastoma-sarcoma, or gliosarcoma. Rarely, non-glial tissue elements can exist in a glioblastoma. It is also referred to as glioblastoma multiforme because of its wide variety of appearances under the microscope. Grade IV astrocytoma is also called glioblastoma or GBM and is the most aggressive type of nervous system tumor. Anaplastic astrocytoma occurs most often in adults between the ages of 30 and 50, and accounts for 4% of all brain tumors. Grade III astrocytoma is also called anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma because this tumor grows more quickly than a grade II astrocytoma. It occurs most often in adults between the ages of 20 and 40. This tumor grows relatively slowly and usually does not have well-defined borders. Grade II astrocytoma is also called low-grade astrocytoma or diffuse astrocytoma and is usually an infiltrating tumor. This tumor occurs most often in children and teens and accounts for 2% of all brain tumors. Pilocytic astrocytoma occurs most often in the cerebellum, cerebrum, optic nerve pathway and brainstem. This tumor grows slowly but can become very large. The most common type of grade I astrocytoma is pilocytic astrocytoma which is also known as juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma or JPA. Grade I astrocytoma is usually a non-infiltrating tumor. Some infiltrating gliomas are categorized as mixed oligodendroglioma-astrocytoma (oligoastrocytoma). Tumors from oligodendrocytes (oligodendrogliomas) are also in the category of infiltrating gliomas and can occasionally be difficult to distinguish from astrocytomas. In children they occur both in the cerebral hemispheres as well as the brain stem. They are generally more common in men and are most common in the cerebral hemispheres of adult patients. Infiltrating, or diffuse astrocytomas are more common than non-infiltrating astrocytomas. Non-infiltrating astrocytomas usually grow more slowly than the infiltrating forms. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies astrocytomas into four grades depending on how fast they are growing and the likelihood that they will spread (infiltrate) to nearby brain tissue. Tumors that arise from the glial tissue, including astrocytomas, are collectively referred to as gliomas.
Collectively, these cells are known as glial cells and the tissue they form is known as glial tissue. Other supportive cells of the brain include oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. 5 Myths About Orphan Drugs and the Orphan Drug ActĪn astrocytoma is a tumor that arises from the star-shaped cells (astrocytes) that form the supportive tissue of the brain.
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